A growing body of research suggests that carrot allergies are increasing, particularly among individuals with existing pollen allergies—a phenomenon known as oral allergy syndrome (OAS) or pollen-food syndrome. A 2024 study published in The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology found that up to 25% of people allergic to birch pollen also experience reactions to carrots, marking a notable rise from previous decades.
The study, which analyzed data from over 1,200 participants across Europe and North America, identified that the proteins in carrots (Dau c 1 and Dau c PRP-1) closely resemble those in birch pollen (Bet v 1). When the immune system mistakes these proteins for pollen allergens, it triggers mild to moderate symptoms such as itching or swelling of the lips, mouth, and throat. In rare cases, systemic reactions like hives or anaphylaxis can occur, especially if the carrots are raw, as cooking often denatures the problematic proteins.
Researchers noted that climate change may be exacerbating the issue. Longer pollen seasons and higher pollen concentrations are priming immune systems to overreact, increasing cross-reactivity risks. Urban areas with high pollution levels also showed higher rates of carrot allergies, as pollutants can modify pollen proteins, making them more allergenic.
Diagnosis remains challenging due to the overlap with pollen allergies. Skin prick tests and IgE blood tests often yield false positives, leading experts to recommend oral food challenges under medical supervision for confirmation. For management, allergists emphasize avoidance of raw carrots and carrying epinephrine auto-injectors for those with a history of severe reactions. Immunotherapy targeting birch pollen may also help reduce carrot allergy symptoms, though more trials are needed.
The study calls for greater awareness among primary care providers to recognize OAS, as many patients dismiss symptoms as “normal” reactions to food. Public health campaigns in high-risk regions are also urged to educate at-risk groups about potential triggers and preventive measures.
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