A comprehensive meta-analysis published in BMJ Open has reaffirmed that zinc lozenges can reduce the duration and severity of common cold symptoms, but experts emphasize that the benefits are modest and depend heavily on formulation and timing. The study, which reviewed 28 randomized controlled trials involving over 5,600 participants, found that zinc acetate and zinc gluconate lozenges shortened colds by an average of two days when taken within 24 hours of symptom onset.
Zinc has long been touted as a potential cold remedy due to its antiviral properties, but previous studies have yielded conflicting results. The new analysis sought to clarify the confusion by examining only high-quality trials where zinc was administered in lozenge form (not sprays or tablets) and where dosage was carefully controlled. The results showed that doses between 80-100 mg per day were most effective, with zinc acetate performing slightly better than zinc gluconate.
Dr. Sarah Chen, the lead researcher, noted, “The key is early intervention. Zinc seems to work best when taken at the very first signs of a cold, likely because it inhibits viral replication in the throat and nasal passages.” However, she cautioned that excessive zinc intake can cause side effects like nausea and a metallic taste, and long-term use may lead to copper deficiency.
Despite the positive findings, not all experts are convinced. Dr. Mark Roberts, an infectious disease specialist not involved in the study, pointed out that the average reduction in illness duration was statistically significant but not life-changing for most people. “If you’re miserable with a cold, two days less is certainly welcome, but zinc isn’t a miracle cure,” he said.
The study also highlighted the placebo effect’s role—many participants reported symptom relief even when given inactive lozenges, suggesting that psychological factors play a part in perceived benefits. Moving forward, researchers hope to identify which individuals benefit most from zinc, possibly based on genetic or nutritional factors.
For now, the takeaway is that zinc lozenges may offer some relief if used correctly, but they’re no substitute for proven preventive measures like handwashing and avoiding close contact with infected individuals. As cold season approaches, this meta-analysis provides the most up-to-date guidance for those considering zinc as part of their cold-fighting arsenal.
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